The William Barber 1 ounce copper pattern coin is a highly significant piece within the Smithsonian Institution’s National Numismatic Collection. This coin is a pattern, a test design created in 1877, often known as the “Half Union.” William Barber, the father of renowned U.S. Mint engraver Charles E. Barber, designed this elaborate and artistic pattern coin during a period when the U.S. Mint was experimenting with new denominations.
The pattern features Liberty facing left wearing a coronet inscribed with “LIBERTY,” with finely detailed wavy hair and a beaded border around the edge, showcasing Barber’s high artistic standards. The reverse typically displays a heraldic eagle design with intricate ornamentation. Although never released into circulation, these patterns were struck in limited quantities in copper and gold to evaluate their design and feasibility.
The coin’s place in the Smithsonian highlights its importance as a key example of 19th-century American numismatic artistry and experimentation. Its copper composition and detailed craftsmanship make it a prized collectible for historians and numismatists alike.
In summary, the William Barber copper 1-ounce pattern coin, part of the prestigious Smithsonian Collection, embodies the innovative spirit and high artistic achievement of the U.S. Mint in the late 19th century, offering a fascinating glimpse into American coinage history.